The River Jordan has great biblical significance, making it
an important asset for Israeli tourism today. For instance, Naaman the Syrian
commander had to dip in the Jordan to be healed of leprosy. But now it is the
Jordan River itself which is in need of healing.
The
Jordan River is first mentioned in the Bible when the Israelites cross over the
Lower Jordan into the Promised Land near Jericho. Indeed the ancient word for
the “Hebrew” children meant “to cross over.” Centuries later, Jesus was
baptized in these same waters by John the Baptist, according to the Gospels.
Consequently,
the Jordan River is special to both Jews and Christians, inspiring countless
hymns and folk songs known around the globe. So despite its comparably small
size, it is one of the most famous rivers in the world. Yet sadly, in recent
decades its modest flow has been reduced to a trickle – its waters often too
polluted for pilgrims to enter.
Christians
from around the world come to the Jordan to identify with the baptism of Jesus.
But they can only do so at two baptismal sites: Yardenit, located at the south
end of the Sea of Galilee, and Qasr el-Yahud, a traditional Greek Orthodox site
near Jericho.
The Qasr
el-Yahud site was reopened to Christian tourists only in 2010 after being
closed for 44 years due to its location in a restricted “military zone.” But in
the dry summer months, the river is very narrow and largely stagnant at this
point of the Lower Jordan.
This
is the result of decades of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel diverting the
various streams in the Jordan River watershed for agricultural and household
use. Much of these waters come from vital winter rains that have been siphoned
off already before the Upper Jordan ever hits the north end of the Sea of
Galilee.
Then
as the Lower Jordan reforms at the south end of the Galilee to begin its final
journey to the Dead Sea, it now flows only a mile or so through a man-made
channel, passing the Yardenit baptismal site before hitting a dam just around
the bend. Instead, the only source of the Lower Jordan in recent years has been
a wastewater outflow a few hundred meters further down.
“It's
five percent of what once flowed,” Ramon Ben-Ari, head of Israel's Southern
Jordan Drainage Authority, recently admitted.
Environmental
groups, led by Friends of the Earth-Middle East, have been campaigning to raise
awareness about the river’s degradation for a number of years. The World
Monuments Fund Watch List identifies the 100 most endangered cultural heritage
sites around the globe, and in 2007 the Watch List recognized the critical
state of the Lower Jordan River by declaring it an endangered site. This was an
important victory for those pleading for the river’s rehabilitation.
Israeli
authorities have finally come to recognize that all of the nation’s sources of
fresh water were being over-used and endangered by the growing demands for
public consumption. So a number of steps have been taken to lessen the burden
on the Jordan and Galilee reservoir and the underground aquifers.
For
instance, Israel has become a world leader in water conservation, drip
irrigation systems and wastewater recycling techniques. Today Israel re-uses 75
percent of its wastewater, mostly for agriculture.
The
Jewish National Fund, among others, has also built large reservoirs across the
country to collect rainfall for farming. Other large-scale projects have been
undertaken to make optimal use of groundwater supplies.
In
addition, Israel is in the midst of constructing five major desalination plants
along the coast to serve as the primary source of future drinking water needs.
Two are now on-line and three others are under construction. By next year, 85
percent of the nation’s drinking water will come from desalination plants,
meaning that for the first time in its modern history Israel will have a water
surplus.
The
new Ashkelon Sea Water Reverse Osmosis plant will provide drinking water for
1.4 million people in southern Israel through the desalination of Mediterranean
seawater. It produces 320,000 cubic meters of drinking water a day, 108 million
cubic meters a year, which represents about six percent of the country’s water
demands. Also, the new Hadera seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant is
the largest of its kind in the world, and contains cutting-edge technologies
that are off-limits to press photographers, lest competitors learn their trade
secrets.
Finally,
the latest undertaking is an ambitious plan adopted by the Israeli government
to rehabilitate the Jordan River and Sea of Galilee, which has also been
severely depleted by over-use.
The
initial government investment of over $20 million will go into infrastructure
needed to resupply and clean up the Jordan River eco-system. The Lower Jordan
Valley will also be developed into a more attractive natural landscape, with
campgrounds and lodgings by its banks. Another facet of the plan is clearing
away mines left over from years of hostility between Israel and its neighbors
along the border area.
One
main component of the rehabilitation plan is a large new wastewater treatment
facility already under construction at the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee
which, when opened in two years, will improve the water quality and volume of
the Lower Jordan.
Energy
and Water Minister Uzi Landau said the plan calls for an average of 150 million
cubic meters of water to be returned to the Jordan River watershed each year,
thanks to desalination plants. This will not only raise the level of the Sea of
Galilee, but also restore the Jordan River back to its natural flow. The entire
project may take up to 10 years to complete, according to Landau.
One
of the most immediate benefits of this project will be a boost in tourism,
which is at an all-time high in Israel. There is also hope that the revived
river will once again reach and fill the rapidly receding Dead Sea.
This article was first
published in the September 2012 issue of The Jerusalem Post Christian
Edition; www.jpost.com/ce
